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Video Game History Casebook

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Page 1:
Intro
Game History Research 101

Page 2:
Ultima, Wizardry, The Black Onyx and the origin of JRPGs

Page 3:
Whom can you really trust (with Pac-Man)?

Page 4:
Who ~~framed~~ created Pitman?

Page 5:
Musings on the ethics of shooting screens

Page 6:
Adventure, a game released in the year 19XX

Page 7:
A Timeline of Early CRPG History

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by Sam Derboo - updated August 12, 2015

A Timeline of Early CRPG History

This list is an attempt to sort out what we really know about the early history of computer role-playing games. Note that it is a constant work in progress and currently only reasonably thorough up to 1983. Documents are sorted according to their dating or time of publishing, while claims are sorted by the time the claim is about. Whenever a claim contradicts with documents or other claims, this is noted in the rightmost column. In case of reviews, advertisements, etc., only the first known example of one particular type of document concerning the same game in the same version is included. Please feel free to submit suggestions for any additional claims and documents, only concerning dates before 1996, to Sam Derboo.

Type	Date	Relevant Title(s)	Content	Source	Notes
Claim	197?-??	Dungeon of Death	Gordon Walton: plays dnd on an Army PLATO terminal at Ft. Hood.	Comment by Gordon Walton on The CRPG Addict Direct correspondence with the author
Claim	1974-??	m11h	Dirk Pellett: "common knowledge" that someone created RPG in that lesson	dnd: history
Claim	1975-??	pedit5	Rusty Rutherford: starts playing Dungeons & Dragons in Summer	Armchair Arcade - Breaking News: Author of PEDIT5 speaks out!
Claim	1975-??	pedit5	Rusty Rutherford: programs game in lesson pedit5 in Fall and Winter	Armchair Arcade - Breaking News: Author of PEDIT5 speaks out!
Claim	1975-??	dnd	Gary Wisenhunt and Ray Wood: start to program dnd	The RPG Fanatic - Interview with the creators of dnd (PLATO) dnd: history	claim is "1974 or 1975", but pedit5's unstable existence is given as reason for creation, so it couldn't have been earlier
Claim	1975-??	dnd	Dirk Pellett: first played dnd	The Armory - Gary Whisenhunt, Ray Wood, Dirk Pellett, and Flint Pellett's DND
Claim	1975-??	Wizardry	Robert Woodhead: Enrolls at Cornell University	Softline 1.4 (March 1982), page 39.
Claim	1975-12	dnd	Dirk Pellett: Starts editing dnd "probably around December 1975"	dnd: history
Claim	1976-??	dnd, DND	Dirk Pellett: Daniel Lawrence plays dnd as freshman at Perdue University in Fall	dnd: history	conflict with claims by Daniel Lawrence
Claim	1976-??	DND, Telengard	Daniel Lawrence: writes DND without knowledge of dnd	Armchair Arcade - Interview with Daniel M. Lawrence, CRPG Pioneer and Author of Telengard	conflict with claims by Dirk Pellett
Claim/Document	1976-05	dnd	Gary Wisenhunt: has printouts of dnd dated May 76 (no version info) and Aug 76 (v 2.0)	The RPG Fanatic - Interview with the creators of dnd (PLATO)	Document if printouts can be produced
Document	1976-10	dnd	Printout of dnd dated October 30, 1976 presented by Flint Pellett	The CRPG Addict - Game 69: The Game of Dungeons/dnd (1975)
Claim	1977-??	DND, Telengard	Daniel Lawrence: ports his DND to Decsystem-10 in summer	Armchair Arcade - Interview with Daniel M. Lawrence, CRPG Pioneer and Author of Telengard
Claim	1977-??	Dungeon of Death	Gordon Walton: Writes Dungeon of Death inspired by dnd in late 1977, on paper before getting a PET 2001	Direct correspondence with the author
Claim	1977-??	Akalabeth, Ultima	Richard Garriott: starts writing his D&Dxx programs	Computer Gaming World #26 (March 1986), page 18.
Claim	1977-??	Dunjonquest	Jon Freeman: joins D&D group with James Connelley and Jeffrey Johnson	DeMaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny Lee (2002). High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games, page 55.
Claim	1977-??	dnd, Wizardry	Dirk Pellett: Robert J. Woodhead uploads sorcery, hack of dnd	dnd: history
Claim	1977-11	Oubliette	HesWare: Oubliette released to the users of the University of Illinois' PLATO system on November 18	HesWare Oubliette Manual (1982)
Claim	1978-??	Telengard	Daniel Lawrence: demonstrated Telengard to local crowd	Armchair Arcade - Interview with Daniel M. Lawrence, CRPG Pioneer and Author of Telengard
Claim	1978-??	Dunjonquest	Jim Connelley: buys Commodore PET	Compute! Gazette (September 1983), Page 40.
Claim	1978-??	Beneath Apple Manor	Don Worth: is inspired by Dragon Maze.	The CRPG Addict - Game 79: Beneath Apple Manor (1978)
Claim	1978-??	Dungeon Campaign	Robert C. Clardy: is inspired by Dragon Maze.	Comment by Robert Clardy on The CRPG Addict
Claim	1978-??	Dungeon of Death	Gordon Walton: Published late 1978 by Instant Software	Direct correspondence with the author
Claim	1978-01	Devil's Dungeon	Charles William Engel: publishes Devil's Dungeon.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1978-04-12).
Document	1978-01	Dragon Maze	Apple II Reference manual is published, contains Dragon Maze source code.
Document	1978-02	Devil's Dungeon	Advertisement: Engel Enterprise (publisher)	Byte 3.2 (February 1978), page 134.
Document	1978-03	Devil's Dungeon	Review	Interface Age (March 1978).
Claim	1978-06	Dungeon Campaign	Robert C. Clardy: purchases Apple II	Comment by Robert Clardy on The CRPG Addict
Document	1978-08	Swords and Sorcery	Program listing	Kilobaud #20 (August 1979), page 52-56.
Claim	1978-11	Beneath Apple Manor	Don Worth: releases Beneath Apple Manor with The Software Factory	Direct correspondence with the author Psittacine Labs - Beneath Apple Manor (Archive)
Claim	1978-12	Dungeon Campaign	Robert C. Clardy: releases Dungeon Campaign on cassette tape only	Comment by Robert Clardy on The CRPG Addict	conflict with copyright claim filed on 1979-04-13
Document	1979-??	Temple of Apshai	Review (Fall)	Compute! (Fall 1979), page 86.
Claim	1979-??	Wizardry	Andrew Greenberg: demonstrates BASIC Wizardry to friends	Wizinews 1.1
Document	1979-??	Dungeon Campaign	Review	Oncomputing ?.? (1979), page 10.
Claim	1979-??	Akalabeth	Richard Garriott: sells DIY version of Akalabeth: World of Doom	?	conflict with document: Akalabeth packaging
Claim	1979-??	Space	Edu-Ware: Sherwin Steffin and Steve Pederson found Edu-Ware in spring	Softalk May 1981, page 5.
Claim	1979-02	Dungeon of Death	Instant Software: publishes Dungeon of Death helper.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1980-01-10).
Document	1979-03	Swordquest	Advertisement: Fantasy Games Software (publisher)	Kilobaud Microcomputing (March 1979), page 55.
Document	1979-03	Swordquest	Review	Kilobaud Microcomputing (March 1979), page 7.
Claim	1979-03	Dungeon Campaign	Synergistic Software: publishes Dungeon Campaign on March 20.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1979-04-13).	conflict with later claims by Robert C. Clardy
Claim	1979-06	Adventure (Atari)	Warren Robinett: submits code for Adventure and quits Atari	Butler, Judith (1997). Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative, page 22. The Jaded Gamer - Of Dragons and Easter Eggs: A Chat With Warren Robinett	Claim clarified later: quits in April, submits fixes in June
Claim	1979-06	Dungeon Campaign, Wilderness Campaign	Robert C. Clardy: founds Synergistic Software in June	MobyGames - Robert C. Clardy Video Game Credits and Biography	conflict with copyright claim from 1979-04-13
Claim	1979-06	Wilderness Campaign	Robert C. Clardy: releases Wilderness Campaign	Comment by Robert Clardy on The CRPG Addict
Claim	1979-06	Wilderness Campaign	Synergistic Software: publishes Wilderness Campaign on June 20.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1979-08-16).
Claim	1979-08	Temple of Apshai	Automated Simulations: publishes Temple of Apshai	Computer Gaming World 2.5 (September/October 1982), page 1. Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office 1982-04-13.
Document	1979-08	Dungeon of Death	Advertisement: Instant Software (publisher)	Kilobaud Microcomputing (August 1979), page 89.
Document	1979-10	Dungeon Campaign	Letter to the editor: complaint about bugs	Creative Computing 5.10 (October 1979), page 14.
Document	1979-11	Temple of Apshai	Advertisement: Automated Simulations (publisher)	Byte (November 1979), page 209.
Document	1979-11	Space	Advertisement: Edu-Ware (publisher)	Creative Computing 5.11 (November 1979), page 119.
Document	1979-11	Beneath Apple Manor	Advertisement: The Software Factory (publisher)	Creative Computing 5.11 (November 1979), page 191.
Claim	1979-11	Datestones of Ryn	Automated Simulations: publishes Datestones of Ryn.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-13).
Document	1979-12	Temple of Apshai	Review	Kilobaud Microcomputing (December 1979), page 13.
Document	1979-12	Wilderness Campaign	Review	Popular Mechanics (December 1979), page 37.
Claim	1979-12	Adventure (Atari)	Warren Robinett: Adventure is published for Christmas season 1979	The Jaded Gamer - Of Dragons and Easter Eggs: A Chat With Warren Robinett	Conflict with Atari Catalogs; claim later qualified as assumption rather than eyewitness account
Claim	198?-??	MicroWarrior	Gordon Walton: writes the game ca. 2 years after Dungeon of Death, Instant Software folded before publishing	Comment by Gordon Walton on The CRPG Addict	unreleased game
Document	1980-??	Akalabeth	Akalabeth DIY packaging is dated ©1980	Museum of Computer Adventure Game History - Akalabeth	conflicting with claim by Richard Garriott
Document	1980-??	Adventure (Atari)	Advertised as Coming Soon: Atari (publisher)	1980 Atari Catalogs	Conflict with claim by Warren Robinett
Claim	1980-??	Rogue	Michael Toy: Rogue released "around" 1980	Edge Magazine - The Making of Rogue (Archive)
Document	1980-01	Temple of Apshai	Advertisement (Apple II): Automated Simulations (publisher)	Kilobaud Microcomputing (January 1980), page 31.
Document	1980-01	Morloc's Tower	Review	Compute 2 (January/February 1980), page 5.
Claim	1980-01	Morloc's Tower	Automated Simulations: publishes Morloc's Tover.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-13).
Document	1980-06	Adventure (Atari)	Advertisement: Hobbyworld Electronics (retailer)	Infoworld (June 9, 1980), page 23.
Claim	1980-06	Wizardry	Robert Woodhead: Teams up with Andrew Greenberg to create Wizardry	Softline 1.4 (March 1982), page 39.
Claim	1980-06	Wizardry	Robert Woodhead: Sir-Tech sells early copies of Wizardry at Applefest June 6th-7th.	Softline 1.4 (March 1982), page 39.
Claim	1980-06	Rescue At Rigel	Automated Simulations: publishes Rescue At Rigel.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-13).
Document	1980-07	Eamon	Program listing and presentation of the system by Donald Brown	Recreational Computing (July 1980), page 32-45.
Document	1980-07	Fracas	Advertisement: Quality Software (publisher)	Compute 5 (July/August 1980), page 45.
Claim	1980-09	Wizardry	Woodhead: PASCAL version of Wizardry in runable state	Softline 1.4 (March 1982), page 39.
Document	1980-09	Space, Space II	Advertisement: Micro Business World (retailer)	Byte 5.9 (September 1980), page 379.
Document	1980-09	Fracas	Advertisement: Micro Business World (retailer)	Byte 5.9 (September 1980), page 379.
Claim	1980-09	Ultima	Richard Garriott: publishes Ultima on September 2.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office PA0000317501 (1987-03-04).	conflict with earlier claim by California Pacific
Claim	1980-09	Hellfire Warrior	Automated Simulations: publishes Hellfire Warrior	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-19).
Document	1980-10	House of Usher	Advertisement: Crystalware (publisher)	Byte 5.10 (October 1980), page 330.
Document	1980-10	Temple of Apshai	Review (Apple II)	Popular Mechanics (October 1980), page 22, 24, 214.
Claim	1980-11	Wizardry	Robert Woodhead: Presents Wizardry at New York Computer Show	Softline 1.4 (March 1982), page 39.
Document	1980-12	Underneath the Pyramid	Advertisement: Crystalware (publisher)	Byte 5.12 (December 1980), page 86.
Document	1980-12	Sorcerer's Challenge	Review	Softalk (December 1980), page 25-26.
Document	1980-12	Doom Cavern	Review (High res version)	Softalk (December 1980), page 25-26.
Document	1980-12	Hellfire Warrior	Review	Softalk (December 1980), page 21.
Document	1980-12	Odyssey: The Compleat Apventure reviews	Review	Softalk (December 1980), page 21. Byte 5.12 (December 1980), page 90.
Document	1980-12	Beneath Apple Manor	Advertisement: Quality Software (publisher)	Byte 5.12 (December 1980), page 285.
Claim	1980-12	Cliffs of Tyyr, The	Jon Freeman: There is a Dunjonquest title called The Cliffs of Tyyr	Byte 5.12 (December 1980), page 186-190.	unreleased game
Document	1980-12	Dungeon of Death	Review	Dragon #44 (December 1980), page 86.
Document	1981-??	House of Usher	Review	Electronic Games (Winter 1981), page 59-60.
Document	1981-??	Beneath the Pyramids	Review	Electronic Games (Winter 1981), page 59-60.
Claim	1981-??	Empire I: World Builders	David Mullich: is given assignment to write the game in summer, to be released in time for Christmas	Tea Leaves - David Mullich: The Interview
Claim	1981-??	Telengard	Dan M. Lawrence & Michael F. O'Brien / Orion Software: creates Telengard V1.12.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office TXu000072791 (1983-06-08).
Document	1981-01	Akalabeth	Review	Softalk (January 1981), page 17.
Claim	1981-03	Star Warrior	Automated Simulations: publishes Star Warrior.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-13).
Document	1981-04	Wizardry	Preview	Popular Mechanics (April 1981), page 38.
Claim	1981-05	Swordthrust	CE Software: publishes Swordthrust #1.	Computer Gaming World 2.5 (September/October 1982), page 1.
Claim	1981-05	Chronicles of Jorach	Edu-Ware: David Mullich is working on Chronicles of Jorach	Softalk May 1981, page 19.	unreleased game
Claim	1981-06	Fantasyland 2041 A.D.	Crystalware: Coming soon June 1, 1981.	Byte 6.6 (June 1981), page 45.
Claim	1981-06	Ultima	California Pacific: publishes Ultima	Computer Gaming World 2.5 (September/October 1982), page 1.
Document	1981-06	Star Warrior	Advertisement: Automated Simulations (publisher)	Dragon #50 (June 1981), page 71.
Claim	1981-06	Dragon's Eye	Automated Simulations: publishes Dragon's Eye.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-13).
Claim	1981-06	Wizardry	Robert Woodhead: Sir-Tech sells early copies of Wizardry at Applefest (June 6-7).	Softline 1.4 p39 March 1982.
Document	1981-08	Dragon's Eye	News: available	Kilobaud Microcomputing (August 1981), page 208-209.
Document	1981-09	Glamis Castle	Advertisement: Crystalware (publisher)	Compute! 16 (September 1981), page 35.
Document	1981-09	Ultima	Advertisement: California Pacific (publisher)	Softalk (1981-09).
Claim	1981-09	Wizardry	Sir-Tech: publishes Wizardry on September 16.	Computer Gaming World 2.5 (September/October 1982), page 1. Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office 1981-10-16.
Document	1981-09	Crush, Crumble and Chomp	Advertisement: Automated Simulations (publisher)	Dragon #53 (September 1981), page 0.
Claim	1981-09	Upper Reaches of Apshai	Automated Simulations: publishes Upper Reaches of Apshai.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-13).
Claim	1981-09	Keys of Acheron	Automated Simulations: publishes Keys of Acheron.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-13).
Claim	1981-11	Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves	Advertisement: Quality Software (publisher)	Infoworld (November 9, 1981), page 36.
Document	1981-12	Temple of Apshai	Advertisement (Atari 8-bit): Cybersoft (retailer)	Compute! 19 (December 1981), page 91.
Document	1981-12	The Crypt	Advertisement: Crystalware (publisher)	Compute! 19 (December 1981), page 53.
Document	1981-12	Quest for Power	Advertisement: Crystalware (publisher)	Compute! 19 (December 1981), page 53.
Document	1981-12	Wizardry	Advertisement: Sir-Tech (publisher)	Softalk (December 1981).
Claim	1981-12	Sorcerer of Siva	Automated Simulations: publishes Sorcerer of Siva on November 15.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1982-04-19).
Document	1982-02	Empire I: World Builders	News: available	InfoWorld (February 15, 1982), page 30.
Claim	1982-02	The Black Onyx	Henk Rogers: Purchases a NEC PC-8801 at Akihabara	Medium - The Dragon Invasion: How the role-playing game came to Japan.
Document	1982-03	Wizardry	Review	Electronic Games (March 1981), Page 58-59.
Claim	1982-03	Apventure to Atlantis	Synergistic Software: Publishes	Computer Gaming World 2.5 (September/October 1982), page 1.
Claim	1982-03	Temple of Apshai	Automated Simulations: will publish Temple of Apshai IBM PC version in March	Computer Gaming World 2 (March/April 1982), page 2.
Claim	1982-03	Voyager I.	Microcomputer Games: publishes Voyager I. on March 2.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office TX0001160419 (1982-12-06).
Document	1982-04	The Valley	Program listing	Computing Today (April 1982).
Document	1982-04	Knight of Diamonds	Advertisement: Sir-Tech (publisher)	Softalk (April 1982).
Document	1982-05	Space, Space II	News: Lawsuit between GDW (Traveller) and Edu-Ware settled on May 20, Space series to be recalled	The Journal of the Traveller's Aid Society 13
Document	1982-05	Curse of Ra	News: released	InfoWorld (May 17, 1982), page 61.
Claim	1982-05	Knights of Diamond	Sir-Tech: publishes Knights of Diamond on May 4.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1983-05-11).
Claim	1982-07	Telengard	Microcomputer Games: publishes Telengard on July 29.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office TX0001160412 (1982-12-06).
Document	1982-08	Crypts of the Undead	Advertisement: Automated Simulations (publisher)	Dragon #64 (August 1982), page 81.
Document	1982-08	Ultima II	Advertisement: On-Line Systems (publisher)	Softalk (August 1982).
Document	1982-08	Curse of Ra	Advertisement: The CPU Shop (retailer)	InfoWorld (August 2, 1982), page 28.
Claim	1982-08	Ultima II	Richard Garriott: publishes Ultima II on August 24.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1987-03-04).
Document	1982-10	Tunnels of Doom	Advertisement: Tam's Incorporated (retailer)	Popular Electronics 20.10 (October 1982), page 89.
Document	1982-11	Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves	Review	Microcomputing (November 1982), Page 86
Document	1982-11	Escape from Vulcan's Isle, Crypt of the Undead, King Arthur	News: available	Computer Gaming World 2.6 (November/December 1982), page 4.
Document	1982-11	Questron	Copyright claim by Charles Warren Dougherty: November 04.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office TXu000111607 (1982-11-04).
Document	1983-??	Empire II: Interstellar Sharks	Review?	InCider vol. 1 issue ?, page 171.
Document	1983-??	Danger in Drindisti	Review	The Addison-Wesley Book of Apple Computer Software 1983, page 271.
Claim	1983-??	Rogue	Glenn R. Wichman: BSD Unix 4.2 includes Rogue (4.2 BSD released 1983)	A Brief History of "Rogue"
Document	1983-01	Empire II: Interstellar Sharks	News: available	Byte 8.1 (January 1983), page 488.
Document	1983-02	Escape from Vulcan's Isle	Advertisement: Automated Simulations (publisher)	Dragon #70 (February 1983), page 4.
Claim	1983-02	Expedition Amazon	Willard Christopher Phillips: creates Expedition Amazon.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1983-02-16).
Claim	1983-02	Swords & Serpents	Imagic: Publishes Swords & Serpents February 24.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office PA0000169960 (1983-04-04).
Document	1983-02	Advanced Dungeons and Dragons	Review	Electronic Fun 1.4 (February 1983), page 60.
Document	1983-03	Dragon Stomper	Review	Electronic Fun 1.5 (March 1983), page 62.
Document	1983-03	The Caverns of Freitag	Software received by Computer Gaming World	Computer Gaming World 3.2 (March-April 1983), page 6.
Document	1983-04	Crypts of Chaos	Advertisement: 20th Century Fox (publisher)	Dragon #72 (April 1983), page 0.
Document	1983-04	Crypts of Chaos	Shown at Winter Consumer Electronics Show.	Creative Computing 9.4 (April 1983), page 18ff.
Document	1983-05	Danger in Drindisti	Advertisement: Standard Software (retailer)	InfoWorld 5.20 (May 16, 1983), page 15.
Document	1983-06	Crypts of Chaos	Review	Electronic Fun 1.8 (June 1983), page 58-59.
Document	1983-07	Sword of Fargoal	Review	Computer Gaming World (July-August 1983), page 42.
Document	1983-07	Dungeons of Daggorath	Review (based on advance copy by Radio Shack)	The Rainbow (July 1983), page 220.
Claim	1983-08	Ultima III	Richard Garriott: publishes Ultima III on August 23.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1987-03-04).
Claim	1983-09	Legacy of Lllylgamyn	Sir-Tech: publishes Legacy of Lllylgamyn on September 12.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1983-12-05).
Claim	1983-09	The Standing Stones	Electronic Arts: will publish The Standing Stones in September.	Computer Gaming World 3.5 (October 1983), page 11.
Document	1983-09	Swords & Serpents	Software received	Byte (September 1983), page 514.
Claim	1983-10	Dragon Quest	Hiroyuki Takizawa/Ishimori Prod./Enix: Yuji Horii and Nakamura Koichi fly to Applefest in San Fransisco (held Oct 28-30) and see Wizardry	Dragon Quest e no Michi
Document	1983-11	The Return of Heracles	Advertisement: Quality Software (publisher)	Antic Magazine Volume 2 Number 8 (November 1983), page 120.
Claim	1983-11	The Black Onyx	Henk Rogers: Offers the Black Onyx via phone order, sells one copy in the first and four copies in the second month.	Medium - The Dragon Invasion: How the role-playing game came to Japan.	Conflict with Japanese databases and magazines which date the game January 1984; possibly because according to Rogers this was the month it was first shown to magazines?
Document	1984-??	Expedition Amazon	Review	Nibble, Volume 5, Issues 10-12.
Document	1984-04	Standing Stones, The	Review	Computer Gaming World 4.2 (April 1984), page 40-41.
Document	1984-03	Rogue	Review of the Epyx release	Byte Vol. 9 No. 3 (March 1984), page 60-62.
Claim	1985-09	Ultima IV	Richard Garriott: publishes Ultima IV on September 19.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1987-03-04).
Document	1985-11	Temple of Apshai Trilogy	News: Temple of Apshai Trilogy available.	Computer Gaming World 5.5 (November/December 1985), page 8.
Claim	1986-12	Ultima I	Richard Garriott: publishes Ultima I (remake) on December 23.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1987-03-04).
Claim	1990-11	Bane of the Cosmic Forge	Sir-Tech: publishes Bane of the Cosmic Forge on November 30.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1992-04-06).
Claim	1992-09	Crusaders of the Dark Savant	Sir-Tech: publishes Crusaders of the Dark Savant on September 21.	Copyright claim at United States Copyright Office (1996-07-15).